The timeline below offers some examples of how Dr. Rabino gained the trust of scientists and access to these important, but often removed, members of our society, and was able to garner their views on sensitive issues.

For the best understanding of the development of Dr. Rabino’s work, we recommend that you read the timeline chronologically, from the earliest period, at the bottom, to the latest, at the top.

Following long preparation that included yearlong development of the questionnaire and several visits with the University of California (at Davis and Berkeley, and the Directorship of Biotechnology in Los Angeles), the beginning of the first survey of scientists was launched in 1988. After the University of California scientists were surveyed, a second wave of surveys was conducted among members of The American Society for Microbiology, which had given its endorsement of the research (see The Impact of Activist Pressures on Recombinant DNA Research).  That work helped lead to the endorsement of the European Community in Brussels and The European Molecular Biology Organization at Heidelberg, Germany. A series of reports on European views were subsequently published. (Among the earliest, see A Study of Attitudes and Concerns of Genetic Engineering Scientists in Western Europe and How Human Geneticists in the U.S. View Commercialization of the Human Genome Project).

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